Le monde change, les espèces bougent
Dans le cadre des Grandes conférences de l'Alliage
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Par Jérôme Rousselet, chercheur à l’Unité de Recherche de Zoologie Forestière (URZF) du centre INRAE Val de Loire – Orléans.
Changement climatique, changement d’usage des terres et globalisation économique sont des phénomènes d’ordre planétaire qui modifient en profondeur les équilibres écologiques. Des études récentes ont mis en lumière un déclin mondial des insectes, et pointé des activités humaines comme en étant la cause. Toutefois, toutes les espèces d’insectes ne sont pas en déclin. Au contraire, certaines tendent à proliférer et à s’étendre. Le réchauffement climatique permet par exemple à certaines espèces d’agrandir leur territoire vers le nord. L’intensification des échanges commerciaux favorise l’introduction d’espèces exotiques, qui étendent ainsi leur aire de présence. Bref, le monde change, les espèces bougent.
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